Social media has really made it’s mark on 2010. Twitter and Facebook seem to be in the headlines almost every day, Hollywood is even making a movie about Facebook, and it seems as if every company is now looking to social media to help propel themselves beyond the aftermath of the GFC. But there is still a lot of confusion about what social media actually is and where the threats and opportunities lie.

In this article I take a close look at the social media landscape, describe some of the “platforms”, examine how these are changing the market place and outline a strategic framework for deploying social media as a branding, marketing, PR and intelligence tool.

What is social media really?

The big social media brands are YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn but they are just that – brands, and like any brand they are designed to cater to a certain niche to meet a specific need.

As with any successful product or service the people behind these brands spotted a market need and developed a solution to it. They then had to work out how to generate revenue. Because social media is able to generate a huge amount of data about each user (age, gender, place of work, where they live, things they like, people they know and so on) the most obvious choice was to provide highly targeted advertising. Facebook is the brand that has managed to do this most successfully so far. But it is still early days – and Google is yet to weigh in seriously.

The market leaders do not define the market.

Social media is the convergence of technology and the desire people have to be heard and connected. In an age where people are feeling increasingly isolated, social media has managed to connect people with old friends, complete strangers and interest groups – or said another way connect people to the “market segments” they wish to belong to. This has happened in a way no other technology has been able to do.

We humans are essentially tribal animals and social media has allowed us to gather into these new ‘location free tribes’ incredibly fast. What’s more, the users of social media like it and want more.

The march of social media is now unstoppable. There have been times this year where the amount of time spent on Facebook eclipsed the time spent on Google. This competition is only going to intensify. Facebook recently released some new tools to extend its reach and influence over the whole of the web. Recently rumours around a new service called GoogleMe have started to surface.

Social media is now becoming more than a marketing experiment. By the end of the year the majority of big name companies will be looking at how social media can be directly integrated into their brand strategy. It will be the core of any new digital strategy.

Why has it happened?

Networking and collaboration is fundamental to what it means to be human. In our bodies atoms work together to create cells and cells work together to create our organs. In our brains’ neurons work together to create our thoughts, feelings and language. In your company people are working together in a similar way – to create something bigger and more exciting than the sum of it’s parts.

We can take this thinking and look at the development of the personal computer and see a very distinct pattern emerging.

Before anyone had a computer or a smart phone, everything was a social event. Meetings were face-to-face or over the phone. Communication in general was human-to-human based.

In the last 30 years things changed. Initially the personal computer made everything a private and secluded affair. Games, for example, could be played without the help of another human and work could be carried out sitting in front of a screen. The advent of the early internet exposed the power of a computer network. But from a personal perspective ‘computing’ was an insular activity.

The first social networks, forums and blogs worked with a huge number of anonymous users. While this was a step forward in person-to-person networking, the anonymity allowed people to behave in ways they would never dream of in real life. This constrained many of these networks to the domain of early adopters and special interest groups. The ‘rules’ that govern effective social networks were yet to be developed.

What has happened recently, particularly with Facebook, is that it’s become far easier to transport your real identity around the web. This means that increasingly people are joining new social networks with their ‘real identity’ – their real name, their place of work, and other details that define them as a person in a movement (sometimes referred to as the ‘Open Web’). Naturally this makes people think more carefully about what they say and how they behave on social networks.  Because they ‘own’ their comments the common rules of society come into play. When a person’s reputation is attached to what they say it makes them think carefully about what that comment might mean to others.

Of course people can still misbehave in social networks as they can in real world networks. But the networks are now being governed by majority rule so this behaviour is quickly dealt with. This makes cooperation and collaboration much easier. Because of this the barriers to entry are dropping at an astronomical rate. Companies are starting to feel more secure in setting up their own networks, knowing that the majority of users will join to get value out of the information that is provided and quickly deal with other users who lessen the overall value of that network.

So when thinking about why social media has become so widely adopted, and pondering where it is going, avoid getting distracted by in the leaps in technology. These are important of course but it is the behaviour of the network and the development of new social norms that are really driving the progress. Every individual in this massive network is doing what he or she is preprogrammed to do – communicate, collaborate and continue the march of civilisation’s evolution.

The New Web

The age of the “website” as we have known it is coming to an end. People may still go to your site but they expect information to be tailored for them and available on the social media platform of their choosing and on any device that connects to the web. What’s more they expect to be able to comment on almost everything they see. The web is no longer a digital version of print. It is the space where conversation is facilitated. Websites are becoming applications that feed information out to various social based platforms. This allows people to receive and consume information the way they choose.

The more you can utilise your social media presence and leverage the influencers in your network the better. It is even possible to embed e-commerce and other web based applications directly into Facebook. Most brands need to start thinking about their websites as a database that organises and distributes information and features to specific groups within the world of social media.

Owning the data

One way to think about the forces driving the development of social media is the old saying: “knowledge is power”. To that you need add a more recent motto “and the person with the most data wins”. Each social media brand-name earns its money from collecting and analysing data. And they are not too keen on sharing that information.

Obviously there’s a huge amount of data that brands can obtain from the many social media monitoring tools currently available. But if you really want ‘granular’ information about your brand you need to devise ways to generate and own your own data. If you are used to thinking about campaigns and short term goals this might feel difficult. If you take a longer term view however, it is possible to generate massive amounts of data relevant and specific to your brand, your product category and your competition.

It’s the economy, stupid

During the 1992 presidential campaign in the USA, Bill Clinton’s campaign strategist coined the phrase “…it’s the economy, stupid…”. He did this to make the case that Clinton was a better choice for president because president George H. W. Bush had not successfully addressed the economy, which had recently undergone a recession. Clinton, of course, won that election.

Nearly twenty years later the world is emerging from a period of economic turmoil that has forever reshaped important elements of the market place. One of the most significant changes is the movement of social media into the mainstream. This is far from surprising. Challenging economic times always induce consumers to carefully assess how they spend. Being a member of a community where you trust the recommendations of people who are real consumers is an obvious choice. Technology has allowed this to happen in a measurable way and on a global scale.

We are now in a time where the phrase “it’s the social economy, stupid” could well become a catch phrase for companies rather than voters. Those that ignore the opportunities social networks provide may well be putting themselves at a distinct disadvantage.

Fractured or identifiable markets

There has been a lot of talk about how social media is fracturing markets. This is a myth.

Social media doesn’t ‘create’ new markets and market segments. It just identifies them. The interest groups and needs already existed – we just didn’t know enough about them.

The mountain of data that social media produces can now shed light on who these people are, and what they like. We now have clearly identifiable and serviceable markets.

Of course this has created an additional layer of complexity. But utilising tools to listen to, and more importantly, understand these market segments gives you an opportunity to talk to them in their own language and hear what they have to say. You might say this technology can help you treat your customers like humans – something that most forms of marketing and communication have not been good at thus far.

Defining value

A recent survey of the social media activity of major brands, including Nokia, Adidas, Nike, Coca-Cola and Red Bull, showed that some brands are engaging well with their Facebook fans. The people who have voluntarily decided to follow what these brands have to say tend to spend significantly more than non-fans – sometimes more than twice as much. Further, fans were more loyal and 68% were inclined to recommend the product to their peers. Nike was able to put a value of $209.83 on each Facebook fan – even though some fans spend nothing at all.

It could be argued that these fans would be loyal brand advocates anyway. But even so social media has given them a convenient platform to stay engaged and and share their views and preferences with others.

Starting a social media strategy

With this background we are now equipped to discuss how to form a social media strategy. Before we start a couple of principles need to be highlighted. First there is no “one size fits all” when it comes to strategy. Secondly it’s worth taking time to get a strategy right.

Many companies have been adopting an approach to social media based on an assumption that it is ‘free’. They have set up accounts and hoped it will work. It won’t. Hope is not a strategy, and social media takes time to get right – so it can’t be free.

So let’s walk through the basic steps…

Define your goal

A brand needs to first define it’s goal. Social media can be used for customer service, customer acquisition, brand awareness or public relations. But trying to do everything will produce unfocused results. Understanding what stage your company is at and setting goals to propel communications to your desired stakeholders is the first step.

Listen to gain context

Once you have defined your goal you need to measure what is already happening. Before meaningful KPIs can be set it helps to know what measurement tools are available and the quality of the data they generate. These tools can be categorised into three groups.

Site analytics – One of the most important tools you will need to utilise is website analytics – tools that measure the activity on your website. Google analytics is an extremely good free option but there are many others depending on what it is you are actually trying to do. Make sure you do your research get advice and know what option is right for you.

Social media monitoring – There are a number of ways to monitor what is happening in the social media space. Who is talking to who, who is influential and why the conversations are happening. There are free tools available but some of these lack precision as the technology is not constantly upgraded or not enough effort is put into collecting the data. A well developed tool is worth the investment. Good monitoring tools can give you extremely detailed information – what people are saying about your brand, who is saying it, details of the demographics of your social media following and even what people are saying about your competition. The right data allows you to snare the ‘low hanging fruit’.

Data mining tools – To dig deeper into data it may be necessary to employ more advanced tools. You may need ‘text mining’ to get an overview of what words or themes seem to be surrounding your brand online or ‘geo-locating’ comments to identify potential new markets.

Good choices require knowledge of what type of data is available, and how to best get your hands on it.

Choose your communication platforms

Platforms then need to be chosen. Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are a few of the big ones but there are many more. Each is focused on a different demographic. There is also the possibility of creating your own platform to fulfil a need that may only exist for your market

Set KPIs

Once you know your goal, have chosen the tools you will use to measure it and the platforms through which you will focus your communications you are ready to set your KPIs. There are many ways of doing this. One of the most effective is aiming to ‘increase positive sentiment’ – basically getting more people on side.

Define a voice

Finally you need to create a ‘voice’. A tone for how you will communicate. Will you be informative, humorous or serious? What language will your market respond to?  Making the correct choice and implementing well is important. Get this right and your market will follow.

Get good advice

Ultimately a good social media strategy needs good advice. So make sure you talk to people who know this space well.

Looking to the future

Social media is here to stay. These methods of communicating have become embedded in our technologies and culture. Companies will soon be interacting with a generation that will find it impossible to imagine a time where the individual didn’t have a voice and an ability to exert influence.

This gives those companies a huge opportunity to be involved in conversations about their brands and to learn and respond to the views and preferences of their customers.

We are moving into the age of the ‘people organised web’ – information organised by people, for people and recommended by people in your network. We have moved beyond the ‘industrialised’ view of the world where markets are represented by impersonal statistics. Markets are made of individuals and they demand to be treated as such.

This is the beginning of the next great step in the evolution of human civilisation. It’s happening. Time to get on board and be part of that evolution.

“Social media hit a tipping point in 2009 as sites like Facebook and YouTube increased their presence in mainstream media while sites like Twitter and Digg emerged. On top of the obvious, thousands of new and legitimate social media websites hit the scene with hopes of being the “next big thing”.

While most credit and attention are being given to Facebook for unofficially winning the social networking battle with MySpace, Bebo, and others, Twitter and Digg were the real winners in 2009 for very different reasons.”

Click here to read it all

In the red corner we have…

Mr Beck does not try and hide the fact he is no fan of President Obama. This is fine of course Рeveryone is entitled to an opinion. The problem is that many people think that his tactics are less than honourable. He has been accused of spreading lies and hatred on many occasions. He is a favourite target of John Stewart’s Daily Show and there are sites all over the internet that claim to expose Beck’s lies.

Things came to head when Beck said “This president has exposed himself as a guy over and over and over again who has a deep-seated hatred for white people … this guy is, I believe, a racist.” – clearly a cheap shot and total nonsense.

Within minutes of him saying uttering these words videos of the segment had been distributed over the internet through social networks. Comments began springing up everywhere and it quickly became one of the most viewed video segments – for a day or two. And that may have been as far as it went if it weren’t for a group called The Color of Change.

This group came into existence to inform Black American’s, via the internet, of changes in the political landscape and help get their voices heard. The Color of Change had the idea to set up a special Glenn Beck page, not to expose his lies, but to expose the advertisers who supported his show. They posted a video of some Beck’s most outrageous segments and overlaid the advertisers who were sponsoring the show and asked people to use an online form to express their anger to the advertisers.

Some of Fox’s biggest advertisers soon dropped Beck from their advertising schedule. One even went as far as to stop advertising on the network altogether. Social networks were buzzing every time another advertiser decided to drop Beck. The people had spoken and it was influencing the bottom line of a major international company. Instant democracy in action.

What can be learnt?

Glenn Beck has already made a tearful apology Рof sorts. He has always been hugely popular with his audience so it is likely he will bounce back from this after a few weeks of carefully constructed PR. But this example does highlight some very interesting questions…

Should brands pay attention to online campaigns like the one against Beck?

The Beck campaign is really just one example of a much wider trend, that of giving viewers of web content the right to be heard.

Blogs have allowed people to comment on articles for a long time but the issue with this is that only the truly motivated take the time to write a comment. Now that many sites have devised ways of making it very simple to be heard – usually a simple combination of vote up or vote down buttons like the one at the bottom of this article – more people are speaking up. This can only mean that campaigns like this will happen more often and with greater impact.

President Obama even has written some of his speeches based the number of votes on subjects held on the White House web site. And the subjects themselves were written by members of the public.

Companies can no longer hide behind the “official company line” or rely simply on media spend to influence the publics’s thinking on any given subject matter. Ignore social network driven campaigns at your own peril.

What does this say about the collective online community?

The original dream of the World Wide Web was to have information free to all and instantly accessible. This dream still lives on in a growing variety of ways and the online community has taken that philosophy into their lives. They love a movement and will react to a cause.

But beyond this grandiose concept is something far more fundamental. The human race is social in nature and individuals like to make an impact.

In issue 17.06 of Wired magazine an article examined how a massive cultural shift, the author called “The New Socialism”, is taking place. It is the idea that the human race is now congregating and communicating online and Рthrough processes of sharing information, cooperating on small scale events and collaborating on large scale projects Рa type of fast paced survival of the fittest idea is taking place. When a concept can grow and mutate at breakneck speed everyone can be exposed to it.

This is not a passing phase. It is an extension of what it means to be human. Empowering the individual to have a voice will always bring about change. That is what democracy is all about.

How can companies use this ‘instant democracy’ to their advantage?

All of this points to huge opportunity for brand managers. The collective opinions of millions of people can be assessed in real time. You no longer need to rely solely expensive software to analyse online conversations and try and gauge intent (bit of a hint here Рit’s usually the ones that are angry that take the time to comment at all). Of course that software helps but having a system in place that allows people to vote on any given topic will give you precise real-time information, positive or negative.

This could be used to pinpoint new markets, develop new products conduct market research or even decide on what to speak about. I have recently been involved in developing a system for a client that will enable an audience to communicate and vote on detailed views that, until recently, would have been impossible. And it seems every company has information that is hard to tease out of their market or their stakeholders.

The rise of social platforms are letting us know that people want to be heard. Amazing things can happen if you listen to them.

Before the new normal ’stability’ is what everybody wanted and that suited marketers just fine. When you have stability you know what people are going to do. Markets are predictable and pliable. You don’t need to have a conversation to sell a widget. Just tell your market that it is great and will make them fell safe and part of a group, they will buy it.

This has changed, forever. Your market now hates stability. They want new. They want fast. They don’t care how long your company has been around. If you don’t listen to them they will drop you and move on. Markets want to be targeted. They are busy splitting themselves into millions of special interest groups. If you can’t market to those groups you will lose them

Companies and, more importantly, the marketers who work for them need to accept this change. Stop thinking “things will return to normal soon” and start preparing for a new normal that is more profitable. Move now. Your competition will be. Use the new tools that are available to gather information, learn and get ready. Social networks can be used to gather huge amounts of very rich information about what your market is doing right now – not a week ago, right now. With that information you can start to see patterns and prepare for the future better.

Those who see the fundamental change that has happened in our world and learn to embrace it will win.

This is the way it is. It’s the new normal.

UPDATE: just published on MarketingMag.com.au

This article gives you insights into the current trends and explains how you can make the most of them.

Image is important:

Not so long ago marketing a medical practice was simply a matter of putting a sign up and choosing a nice font. Now your customers expect more. Today a website is an essential tool for strengthening current relationships and assisting potential patients learn about what you stand for and even connect with your practice. However, simply having “a website” is not enough. A poorly executed online presence can backfire, result in disappointed users and may even damage reputations. News spreads fast in the online world! On the other hand, a considered online marketing strategy and a well-designed website is your chance to appear inviting and professional.

Before you run off and build a new website make sure you have thought about the ‚Äòimage‚Äô you are have chosen to convey. Of course ‘trust’ is a given but there are other important decisions you will need to make about your chosen persona. For instance, do you want to be seen as friendly, professional, modern or traditional? Good web agencies will help you understand your options in regards to colours, layout and language and how these link to your personality.

What is important is finding the thing that makes you different. Ask some of your patients. They may have some valuable insights that you have failed to spot.

Help people find your site:

As anyone who has searched for a ‚Äòdoctor‚Äô on Google knows the web is a very big place. In fact Google has now indexed well over 1 trillion web pages. So having a website gives you no guarantee that anyone will see it. You need to think beyond “website” if you are to get results and ensure you do not waste your budget on a solution that will become obsolete or too expensive to maintain or expand.

Fortunately, a good online marketing strategy does not need to cost the earth – in sharp contrast to traditional channels such as newspaper, radio or TV. It takes some careful planning and a little bit of time but it will be very beneficial. Much of it comes down to choosing the right partner to supply you with sound advice and solutions.

Optimising for search engines:

Part of any build phase of a new website should be Search Engine Optimisation [SEO] which is the combination of a number of strategies employed to make your website easy to find. To some extent the ease with which potential customers can find you through search engines comes down to the way the site is built. So make sure your web agency has a good understanding of this. The words you opt to use on your site will also affect search efficiency.

Search engines rank sites on original content so avoid copying text from other sites. Make your text clear and easy to skim read and ask your web development company to give you a list of commonly used key words to include: The more you use the better your results from web search activity.

Creating well optimised website text is not rocket science. Just be sure you get professional guidance before you start.

Online advertising:

There are many types of online advertising available but the most common, and by far the most cost effective, is search engine advertising. You probably have seen this form of advertising when performing a Google search. They are called “sponsored links” which have been designed with smaller businesses in mind, and can be very effective. But don’t assume this is the right choice for you.

There are many ways to run a search engine marketing campaign and getting it right can save you a lot of money. Look to partner with a company that has experience in this field and work with them to set targets and budgets.

Directories:

Online directories are a simple way of raising your profile. There are many online directories available in Australia including Sensis, Yellow Pages, AMA and other official medical directories.

Some directories are free but many charge for a listing. Before you take the plunge and pay for a listing make sure you know the profile of the directory’s viewers. If the operator of a directory can’t provide that type of information it may be a sign that it‚Äôs unlikely to work for you.
Utilising social networks:
Social Networking seems to be the buzz word of 2009. In fact, online social networking has existed for a very long time. What’s new are services such as Twitter and Facebook having recently taken off. Networking sites may come and go but what won’t go away is the desire of your customers to connect and share thoughts and information. Developing a Social Networking strategy will be worth the effort.

Depending on how you want to approach the market you may want to make this a big part of your overall plan or just a small addition. Either way it is worth remembering you can’t do everything. Blogs, Facebook, Twitter, article writing and participating in forums are all forms of social networking and it is easy to get caught up trying to influence all of them. A far better approach is to identify where the people you want to communicate are found and target a few areas that will help add to your reputation.

Understand the rules:

Doctors hold a special place in society so advertising can get tricky. The Medical Practices Act and State Medical boards will have information on rules and regulations around marketing your practice. Spending some time reading and understanding these documents will help you avoid any pitfalls.

Measuring success:

After doing your research, optimising your site and fine-tuning your online marketing strategy, you’ll want to know how successful it is. The obvious way is to look at your bottom line. But building a brand name takes time so getting some higher level data is necessary to check if you‚Äôre on the right track.

Make sure your website has an analytics device attached so you can see who visits your site and how long they spend there. This knowledge is essential in achieving success with your online efforts. Luckily Google offers site analytics for free. The information gathered will give you a greater understanding and assist in the allocation of your marketing budget to further strengthen your online marketing efforts.

Act now:

A wide range of new technologies are changing the way everyone is using the web. The global financial crisis has just added momentum to that trend as individuals and firms switch to more cost-effective and valuable ways of communicating and marketing. There is no better time to take advantage of this shift and build yourself a great online presence and strengthen your reputation.

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Digg Dialogg with Google’s Marissa Mayer from Digg Videos on Vimeo.